© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Theou
et al.
32
Table 1.
Fumigant toxicity of
Lavandula hybrida
essential oil to larvae, pupae and adults of
Tribolium confusum.
Life stage (n
1
)
slope ± SE
LC
50
2
95% CL
df
χ
2
Larvae
10-day-old (420)
0.7 ± 0.1
1.8
1.2 - 2.9
5
4.6
25-day-old (300)
3.6 ± 1.1
59.7
49.9 - 108.3
3
0.9
31-day-old (240)
2.2 ± 0.6
109.9
89.0 - 159.6
2
4.5
Pupae
Females (300)
3.3 ± 0.5
37.3
32.9 - 42.7
3
3.2
Males (300)
4.2 ± 0.6
38.7
35.0 - 43.2
3
4.8
Adults 10-day-old
Females (320)
3.9 ± 0.6
81.0
71.1 - 98.6
3
2.1
Males (300)
4.6 ± 0.7
61.0
54.1 - 73.1
3
7.4
3
Adults 60-day-old
Females (240)
8.0 ± 1.2
46.3
41.9 - 51.7
2
0.7
Males (280)
6.6 ± 1.0
29.8
25.8 - 34.4
2
2.7
1
Number of insects tested.
2
LC
50
values are expressed as
μ
l/l air and are considered significantly different when the 95% confidence limits (CL)
fail to overlap.
3
Since the goodness-of-fit test is significant (P<0.1), a heterogeneity factor is used in the calculation of confidence
limits (CL).
Table 2.
Fumigant toxicity of
Laurus nobilis
essential oil to larvae, pupae, and adults of
Tribo-
lium confusum.
Life stage (n
1
)
slope±SE
LC
50
2
95% CL
df
χ
2
Larvae
10-day-old (240)
0.3 ± 0.5
18.6
15.8 - 21.1
2
3.1
25-day-old (360)
8.8 ± 0.9
86.9
70.3 - 120.3
4
30.4
3
31- day-old (360)
1.7 ± 0.5
55.6
37.9 - 66.8
4
2.1
Pupae
Females (240)
4.0 ± 0.7
42.6
38.7 - 48.5
2
0.1
Males (240)
4.9 ± 0.6
33.7
30.5 - 36.7
2
2.3
Adults 10-day-old
Females (240)
10.9 ± 1.5
62.7
60.3 - 65.0
2
5.8
Males (240)
7.2 ± 0.9
57.8
54.4 - 61.2
2
2.6
Adults 60-day-old
Females (240)
14.0 ± 1.4
40.5
38.9 - 42.2
2
5.4
Males (280)
14.0 ± 1.4
40.5
38.9 - 42.2
2
5.4
1
Number of insects tested.
2
LC
50
values are expressed as
μ
l/l air and are considered significantly different when the 95% confidence limits (CL)
fail to overlap.
3
Since the goodness-of-fit test is significant (P<0.1), a heterogeneity factor is used in the calculation of confidence
limits (CL).
1...,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,...52