© Benaki Phytopathological Institute
Al-Rajab
et al.
58
Date, J., Tanida, N. and Hobara, T. 2004. Qat chewing
and pesticides: A study of adverse health effects
in people of the mountainous areas of Yemen.
International Journal of Environmental Health Re-
search,
14(6): 405-414.
EC (European Commission). 2005. Regulation (EC)
No 396/2005 of the European Parliament and of
the Council of 23 February 2005 on maximum
residue levels of pesticides in or on food and
feed of plant and animal origin and amending
Council Directive 91/414/EEC, 47 pages. Brus-
sels, Belgium.
European Commission. 2007. Method Validation
and quality control procedures for pesticides
residues analysis in food and feed. Document
No. SANCO/3131/2007, Brussels, Belgium.
EMCCDA. 2016. European Monitoring Centre for
Drugs and Drug Addiction web site <http://
-
profiles/khat>, January 2016
Fujita, M., Yajima, T., Tomiyama, N., Iijima, K. and
Sato, K. 2014. Comparison of pesticide residue
levels in headed lettuce growing in open fields
and greenhouses.
Journal of Pesticide Science,
39(2): 69–75.
Gambacorta, G., Faccia, M., Lamacchia, C., Di Luc-
cia, A. and La Notte, E. 2005. Pesticide residues
in tomato grown in open field.
Food Control,
16:
629–632.
Gebissa, E. 2010. Khat in the Horn of Africa: Historical
perspectives and current trends.
Journal of Eth-
nopharmacology,
132: 607–614
Global MRL Database. 2015.
.
com/db#query (Accessed on October 11, 2015).
Gupta, M. and Shanker, A. 2008. Persistence of aceta-
miprid in tea and its transfer from made tea to
infusion.
Food Chemistry,
111: 805–810.
Gupta, M., Sharma, A. and Shanker, A. 2008. Dissi-
pation of imidacloprid in Orthodox tea and its
transfer from made tea to infusion.
Food Chem-
istry,
106: 158–164.
Hassan, A.A., Abdullah, S.M., Khardali, I.A., Shaikhain,
G.A. and Oraiby, M.E. 2013. Evaluation of pesti-
cides multiresidue contamination of khat leaves
from Jazan region, Kingdome Saudi Arabia, us-
ing solid-phase extraction – gas chromatogra-
phy/mass spectrometry.
Toxicological & Environ-
mental Chemistry,
95(9): 1477-1483.
Itoiz, E.S., Fantke, P., Juraske, R., Kounina, A. and
Vallejo, A.A. 2012. Deposition and residues of
azoxystrobin and imidacloprid on greenhouse
lettuce with implications for human consump-
tion.
Chemosphere,
89: 1034–1041.
Katz, D.P., Bhattacharya, D., Bhattacharya, S., Deruiter,
J., Clark, C.R., Suppiramaniam, V. and Dhanaseka-
ran, M. 2014. Synthetic cathinones: “A khat and
mouse game”.
Toxicology Letters,
229 : 349–356.
Kausar, A., Sarbani, G., Prasenjit, R. and Anirudha, G.
2014. Changes in buccal micronucleus cytome
parameters associated with smokeless tobacco
and pesticide exposure among female tea gar-
den workers of Assam, India.
International Jour-
nal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,
217:
169–175.
Malhat, F.H. Watanabe, H. and Youssef, A. 2015. Deg-
radation profile and safety evaluation of meth-
omyl residues in tomato and soil.
Hellenic Plant
Protection Journal,
8: 55-62.
Nakajima, M., Dokam, A., Alsameai, A., AlSoofi, M.,
Khalil, N. and al’Absi, M. 2014. Severity of khat
dependence among adult khat chewers: The
moderating influence of gender and age.
Jour-
nal of Ethnopharmacology,
155: 1467–1472.
Numan, N. 2012. The green leaf: khat.
World Journal
of Medical Sciences,
7: 210-223.
Park, J.Y., Choi, J.H., Kim, B.M., Park, J.H., Cho, S.K.,
Ghafar, M.W., Abd El-Atyd, A.M. and Shim, J.H.
2010. Determination of acetamiprid residues in
zucchini grown under greenhouse conditions:
application to behavioral dynamics.
Biomedical
Chromatography,
25: 136–146.
Pramanik, S.K., Bhattacharyya, J., Dutta, S., Dey,
P.K. and Bhattacharyya, A. 2006. Persistence of
acetamiprid in/on mustard (
Brassica juncea
L.).
Bulletin of Environment Contamination and Tox-
icology,
76: 356–360.
Reeve, M.W., O’Connell, L.P., Bissell, S. and Ross, J.
1992. Characterization of Methomyl Dissipation
on Grape Foliage.
Bulletin of Environment Con-
tamination and Toxicology,
49:105-111.
Sanyal, D., Chakma, D. and Alam, S. 2008. Persist-
ence of a Neonicotinoid Insecticide, Acetami-
prid on Chili (
Capsicum annum
L.).
Bulletin of
Environment Contamination and Toxicology,
81:
365–368.
Sharma, S. and Singh, B. 2014. Persistence of imida-
cloprid and its major metabolites in sugarcane
leaves and juice following its soil application.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical
Chemistry,
94(4): 319-331.
The Misuse of Drugs (Designation) (Amendment)
(No. 2) (England, Wales and Scotland) Order
2014.
legislation.gov.uk.
Retrieved 28 June 2014.
Tomašević, A., Mijin, D. and Kiss, E. 2010. Photo-
chemical Behavior of the Insecticide Methomyl
Under Different Conditions.
Separation Science
and Technology,
45(11): 1617-1627.
Van Scoy, A.R., Yue, M., Deng, X. and Tjeerdema,
R.S. 2013. Environmental Fate and Toxicology
of Methomyl. In Reviews of Environmental Con-
tamination and Toxicology, Reviews of Envi-
ronmental Contamination and Toxicology 222,
D.M. Whitacre (ed.), DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-
4717-7_3,
©
Springer Science+Business Media
New York 2013.
Received: 12 November 2015; Accepted: 7 January 2016
